LETTER N° 45

From 04 to 10 November

04

Nicaragua

Presidential election. Results :

Enrique Bolaños (Constitutionalist Liberal Party) wins about 55% of the vote and former president Daniel Ortega (Sandinista National Liberation Front) about 44%.

Profile : Born : Mayo 13, 1928 en Masaya, Nicaragua. Education : Colegio Monseñor Lezcano Iglesia Parroquial de Masaya. Colegio Salesiano de Masaya Colegio Centro-América - Granada, Nicaragua, where he completed his studies to the baccalaureate. St. Louis University - St. Louis Missouri, USA, BA in Industrial Engineering. Instituto Centroamericano de Administración de Empresas (INCAE) - Managua, Nicaragua, PAG - Higher Admnistration program. Languages: Spanish and English. Jobs : Founder, Partner and Chairman of the following Group of Agro-industrial companies of Bolaños-Geyer Family (Dr. Alejandro Bolaños Geyer y familia, Dr. Nicolás Bolaños Geyer y familia and Ing. Enrique Bolaños Geyer y familia). Political career : From 10 of Jan.1987 to 24 of October 2001, Vice-president of the Repúblic of Nicaragua. 28 Jan.2001, uninimously elected by votes as candidate to the Presidency of the Repúblic of Nicaragua, at the Gran Convención del Partido Liberal Constitucionalista. Status: Married to Lila T. Abaúnza. Children : Enrique, Lucía, Jorge, Javier and Alberto, deceased in 1976, at 16.

04

Argentina

(Corrientes)

Gubernatorial election runoff in Corrientes. Results :

Ricardo Horacio Colombi wins 51.2% of the vote against 48.8% for Raúl Romero Feris. Colombi will take office December 10.

Colombi Profile : Born 30 August 1957 in Mercedes &endash;Provincia de Corrientes. Education and profession : Escuela Normal Mixta Manuel Florencio Mantilla. Law School.Universidad Nacional del Nordeste ( U.N.N.E). Lawyer. 1974 Chaired the Centro de Estudiantes Secundarios Esc.Normal Mixta Manuel F.Mantilla. Political career : 1983-1984 Chaired the Sports Committee of the Law School. 1984 President and Founder member of the Centro de Estudiantes Universita-rio de Mercedes; Corrientes Province. 1986-1990 legal advisor of the Trade and Industry Association in Mercedes Corrientes and Member of the conómic Federatión in Corrientes. 1987-1990 Community Councillor in Mercedes for the U.C.R. 1991-1999 Supervisor of the City Council of Mercedes,Corrientes. 1992-1999 President of the Forum of Radical Supervisors of Buenos Aires Pce. 1992-1999 National MP for the Alianza (U.C.R.) for Corrientes Province. Status: Married to Estela Liliana Barattini. Two sons : Diego Sebastián 11, and Juan Ignacio 9.

04

Oman

Government reshuffle in Oman

Sultan Qabous Bin saeed of Oman made a ministerial reshuffle according to which he appointed Ali Bin hammad Bin Ali al-Bousaeedi as a minister for the Sultan's court in succession to Seif Bin Hamad Bin Saud al-Bousaeedi who died on 1, november following a heart attack.

News reports also said that the ministerial reshuffle included appointing Saud Bin Ibrahim Bin saud al-Bousaeedi as a minister of the interior and Yahya Bin Saud Bin mansour al-Suleimi as a minister of education.

05-06

ASEAN

7° Asean Summit

The 7th ASEAN Summit will be held in Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam.  It will be followed by the ASEAN + 3 Summit where the 10 ASEAN Heads of State/Government will meet the Heads of State/Government of the the People's Republic of China, Japan and the Republic of Korea. The ASEAN Leaders will also meet separately with each Leader from the People's Republic of China, Japan and the Republic of Korea. The Summit will be preceded by the ASEAN Senior Official's Meeting (SOM), 3 November 2001, and also by ASEAN + 3 SOM Meeting and ASEAN + 1 SOM with the People's Republic of China, Japan and the Republic of Korea.

05

Northern Ireland

David Trimble was re-elected leader of Northern Ireland's unity government - a hard-fought victory over Protestant hard-liners that ended with lawmakers scuffling outside the legislature door.

David Trimble is elected first minister the 6.

05

Bangladesh

Tajul Islam has been appointed Press Secretary to the Prime Minister, Khaleda Zia. A senior member of BCS (Information), Tajul Islam earlier served as Deputy Press Secretary to Prime Minister Khaleda Zia in 1991. He also served his diplomatic assignment as First Secretary (Press) in Bangladesh UN Mission in New York. Educated in Dhaka University, Tajul Islam did his Masters in Economics and has had a distinctive academic career all along.

05-06

2001 Euro-Med Conference - Brussels

It will be Belgium's turn as European Union president to keep the peace at the ministerial conference of the European Union -Mediterranean partnership, and to try to hold the agenda on course. The chance of success will depend on the state of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, as many of the 12 non-EU Mediterranean countries will either boycott the conference because of Israel's participation, as threatened, or attempt to anchor the agenda to issues related to the conflict. The official focus of the 2001 event is improving the social status of women in the region and increasing their participation in economic development.

06

U.S.A.

(Virginia)

State elections. Results :

Democratic venture capitalist Mark Warner had a closer race in Virginia against Republican Mark Earley, a former state attorney general, but won by 52,11% to 47,08% percent.

Warner profile : Mark was the first in his family to graduate from college. He completed George Washington University in 1977 and then went on to graduate from Harvard Law School in 1980. But instead of practicing law, Mark went into business for himself. And like many young entrepreneurs, his first two businesses were not successful. In 1997, Mark started the Virginia High-Tech Partnership to link students from Virginia's five Historically Black Colleges and Universities with internships and job opportunities in more than 75 technology companies across Virginia.

06

U.S.A.

(New Jersey)

Gubernatorial election. Results :

Jim McGreevey, the Democratic mayor of Woodbridge, wins against Bret Schundler, the former Republican mayor of Jersey City 56%-42%

Profile : Born Aug 6, 1957, Jersey City. Education/profession : BA Columbia, 1978 ; JD Georgetown 1981; MA Harvard 1982. Assistant Prosecutor, Director of Parole Board, Lobbyist for Merck & Co. Political career : State Assemblyman, 1990-92 ; Mayor of Woodbridge, 1992-present ; Democratic nominee for Governor, 1997.

06

U.S.A.

(Boston)

Mayoral election. Results :

Thomas M. Menino (Dem) 72,2%, Davis-Mullen (Dem) 23%, Blanks 4.6% .

Profile : Born December 27, 1942 in Boston. Education : University of Massachusetts, (Community Planning, 1988). Married to Angela Faletra, with two children, Susan and Thomas, Jr. Tom Menino was first elected Mayor of Boston on November 2, 1993, winning sixty-four percent of the vote and 18 of the city's 22 wards. He was re-elected to a second term without opposition in November 1997.

06

U.S.A.

(New York)

Mayoral election. Results :

Michael Bloomberg (Rep.) defeats Mark Green (Dem.), 50%-47%.

Profile : Born on February 14, 1942 to middle class parents - his father was the bookkeeper at a local dairy - Michael R. Bloomberg's thirst for information and fascination with technology was evident at an early age. Mike would spend his weekends attending lectures at the local museum and his summers working for a small electronics company. His interest in science led him to Johns Hopkins University, where he parked cars and took out loans to finance his education. After his college graduation, he gained an MBA from Harvard and in the summer of 1966, he was hired by Salomon Brothers to work on Wall Street. At Salomon, Mike found he had the skills required to succeed as a trader on Wall Street and he advanced through the ranks, becoming a partner in 1972. Soon after, he was supervising all of Salomon's stock trading, sales and later, its information systems. But his relationship with Salomon ended abruptly when he was fired after the company was purchased by the Phibro Corporation 1981. In 1990, Mike entered the media business with the debut of Bloomberg News, the financial news service. Mike serves on the boards of 20 different civic, cultural, educational and medical institutions, including the High School for Economics and Finance, Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Police & Fire Widows' & Children's Benefit Fund, S.L.E. (Lupus) Foundation and Prep for Prep. In addition, he serves as the Chairman of the Board Trustees of Johns Hopkins University.

06

U.S.A.

(Atlanta)

Mayoral election. Results :

Shirley Franklin (Dem.) defeats Robb Pitts (Dem.), 50%-33%.

Profile : Shirley earned her Bachelor of Arts degree in Sociology from Howard University and continued her education in Sociology and earned her Master of Arts degree from the University of Pennsylvania. A native of Philadelphia, Shirley developed an early love for the arts, especially the performing arts as a dance student at the Cuyjet School of Dance and grew as a young adult who was introduced to Philadelphia's rich and diverse cultural institutions. During the administration of Mayor Maynard Jackson, Shirley served as Executive Officer for Operations and Commissioner of Cultural Affairs.

06

U.S.A.

(Detroit)

Mayoral election. Results :

Kwame Kilpatrick (Dem.) defeats Gil Hill (Dem.), 54%-46%.

Profile : Kilpatrick is a lifetime resident of Detroit. He attended Pelham Middle School, and Cass Technical High School. Rep. Kilpatrick was captain of the football team at Florida A & M University where he graduated with honors with a Bachelor of Science degree in Political Science. He also received his teacher certification there. He has taught at Rickards High School in Tallahassee, FL. and at Marcus Garvey Academy in Detroit. Rep. Kilpatrick earned his Juris Doctorate degree from Michigan State University (DCL). Kilpatrick is a true student of government and politics. As early as 8-years-old, he'd play throughout the Capitol and its chambers while his mother, Carolyn Cheeks Kilpatrick served the state as the District 9 House Representative from Detroit. In November of 1996, at age 26, he surprised many when he was elected to the 89th Legislature of the Michigan House of Representatives. Rep. Kilpatrick credits his love and knowledge of politics to his mother, who is currently a member of the U.S. Congress representing the city of Detroit, and his father, Bernard Kilpatrick, who is currently Chief of Staff to Wayne County Executive Ed McNamara. At age 30, Rep. Kilpatrick is the youngest state representative ever to become the Leader of the Democratic Caucus. He is also the first African American in Michigan's history to ever hold that post.

06

U.S.A.

(Cleveland)

Mayoral election. Results :

Jane Campbell (Dem.) defeats Raymond Pierce (Dem.), 54%-46%.

Profile : A graduate of local schools, Commissioner Campbell earned her Bachelors Degree magna cum laude at the University of Michigan. and her Masters Degree at Cleveland State University. Commissioner Campbell resides in the City of Cleveland, and she and her husband, Hunter Morrison, are the proud parents of two daughters, Jessica and Katie. Jane started her professional career building neighborhoods and communities. She was the founding Executive Director of WomenSpace, the Executive Director of the Friends of Shaker Square and National Field Director of ERArnerica.

06

U.S.A.

(Cincinnati)

Mayoral election. Results :

Mayor Charlie Luken (Dem.) defeats Courtis Fuller (Dem.), 55%-45%.

Profile : Charlie Luken is a Senior Consultant with KMK Consulting Company, and is also the current Mayor of the City of Cincinnati. Mr. Luken has been one of the most visible and popular leaders in the Greater Cincinnati region since his initial term as a member of Cincinnati City Council beginning in 1981. Mr. Luken began his professional career in 1976. He completed his first term with Cincinnati City Council in 1984, at which time he was elected Mayor of the City of Cincinnati, a position he held until 1990. In 1990, Mr. Luken was elected to the United States Congress. He left public service in 1992 to return to his family in Cincinnati to become the television news anchor for WLWT, Cincinnati's NBC affiliate. In 1999, Mr. Luken was called back to public service and elected Mayor, once again, of the City of Cincinnati. Mr. Luken is a graduate of the University of Notre Dame and the University of Cincinnati College of Law. Mr. Luken was founder of Cincinnati's international sister city partnership with Gifu, Japan and the Smale Commission on Infrastructure. He serves on numerous boards including the University of Cincinnati Board of Visitors, the Cincinnati Art Museum, and the Ohio Kentucky Indiana Regional Council of Governments.

06

U.S.A.

(Seattle)

Mayoral election. Results :

Greg Nickels (Dem.) defeats Mark Sidran (Dem.).

Profile : Greg Nickels learned at a young age that he had a passion for people and public service. Greg Nickels has more than 25 years of experience in working with and for the public. Nickels began his career at age 19 with the City of Seattle and he joined the office of Seattle City Councilmember Norm Rice as his Legislative Assistant in 1979. He was a key member of Norm Rice's team until 1987 when he campaigned and won election to the King County Council. Greg founded the Magnuson Center for International Transportation & Telecommunications, an innovative public school program focused on careers in international trade and technology. Greg Nickels became the youngest person ever elected to the nine-member King County Council. Greg Nickels represents the communities of West Seattle, White Center, Burien, and Vashon Island. Greg Nickels resides in West Seattle with his wife Sharon and two children, Carey, a senior at Franklin High School and Jacob, a sophomore at Western Washington University.

06

U.S.A.

(Minneapolis)

Mayoral election. Results :

R.T. Rybak (Dem.) defeats Mayor Sharon Sayles Belton (Dem.), 65%-35%.

Profile : Born 11 December 1955. Publisher, Twin Cities Reader ; vice president, Channel 4000, Internet Broadcasting ; development director, Downtown Council ; reporter, Star Tribune. Married, two children. B.A., Boston College. R.T. Rybak is a community activist with a broad professional background in business, journalism and communications. He is a lifelong Minneapolis resident and the son of a druggist in the Phillips neighborhood. As development director of the Downtown Council in the late 1980s, Rybak raised private funds to bring new companies to the city, worked to retain small businesses and artists displaced by development, helped bring the Farmer's Market to Nicollet Mall, and helped plan the first major marketing campaigns for the Warehouse District and Central Riverfront.

08

United Kingdom

The first minister of Scotland, Henry McLeish, resigns.

Jim Wallace becomes acting first minister.

Profile : Jim Wallace was born at Annan, Dumfriesshire, on 25 August 1954. He was educated at Annan Academy; Downing College, Cambridge - MA Economics & Law; and Edinburgh University - LLB Legal Studies 1977. At Edinburgh he was Chairman of the University Liberal Club. He was elected as MP for Orkney and Shetland in 1983, in succession to former Liberal Leader, Jo Grimond. In winning, he became the first person since World War Two successfully to take over a Liberal-held seat at a General Election. Before being elected he was in full-time practice as an advocate at the Scottish Bar. He joined the Scottish Liberal Party in 1972, after having read Sir Russell Johnston's book To be a Liberal. He was a member of the Scottish Liberal Party Executive from 1976-1985. He contested Dumfries in May 1979, and the South of Scotland Euro seat in June 1979. Since the 1997 General Election, he has led the ten strong Scottish Liberal Democrat Parliamentary Party and convenes the team of Scottish Parliamentary spokespersons. He was appointed a Queen's Counsel in July 1997. He was elected to the Scottish Parliament and appointed Deputy First Minister and Minister for Justice in May 1999. Jim is married with two daughters. He is an elder of the Church of Scotland. Outside politics his hobbies include music, golf, reading and travelling. He did not seek re-election to the Westminster Parliament at the General Election in June 2001.

09-13

Kenya

Civic elections in 20 wards countrywide. Results : Next week

Parliamentary byelection in Kilome. Results : Next week

09

WTO

The fourth WTO Ministerial Conference.

On the eve of the fourth WTO ministerial meeting in Qatar, the European Union's number one priority in trade policy, the launch of a New Round of multilateral trade negotiations, has taken on primary importance. Whilst disagreements on the agenda may remain, there is a greater sense of urgency and a realization of how much is at stake than at any time in the last two years.

Menés par l'Inde, la grande majorité des pays en voie de développement (PVD) se refusent à ouvrir toutes nouvelles négociations. «Nombre de ces pays font en effet remarquer que les Occidentaux n'appliquent toujours pas à leur égard les accords de Marrakech, issus du dernier grand cycle de négociation.» Les frontières américaines et européennes profitent d'un protectionnisme invraisemblable chez des prêcheurs de la libéralisation. Les autres grands thèmes de la conférence (agriculture, propriété intellectuelle, investissements et concurrence, périmètre des négociations) devront pour la première fois être agréés par des pauvres. Enfin, sur l'investissement et la concurrence, les pays du Sud sont circonspects. L'Union européenne souhaite des règles communes en matière d'investissement, afin d'ouvrir de nouveaux marchés. Elle veut également ouvrir la concurrence dans le domaine de l'approvisionnement public (eau, électricité...), où ses producteurs sont capables de conquérir de nombreux marchés pour l'heure nationalisés. Les Etats-Unis s'opposent à ces propositions car, dans ce secteur, ils sont peu performants.

09

Italy

Former president (1971-78) Giovanni Leone dies.

Profile : Born in Naples on 3 November 1908. Married to Vittoria Michitto, and father of three children. Law degree in 1929 and in political ands social science in 1930. Techer "Law and penal procedure ",in 1933 responsible with the teaching of the issue at the University of Camerino.In 1935, obtained with honors the public examination to the desk of Law and Penal Procedure,and taught at the University of Messina, Bari, Naples and Rome. He chaired the Italian Group of the "Association Internationale de Droit Penale"and was a member of the Comitato Direttivo Internazionale dell'Associazione. He fought in World War II, and distinguished himself. Gold medal of merits for culture.One of the best Penal lawyer. Author of a nimber of legal publications, which were translated in foreign languages. In,1944 he joined the Democrazia Cristiana (Christian Democrats) and in 1945 he was elected as a political Secretary of the Party Napolitan Comittee.Elected to the Constituant Assembly in 1946 (Democrazia Cristiana) : took an active part in the draft of the Constitution,especially as a sposkesman for the Magistrature. He was elected MP to the Parliament in 1948, 1953, 1958, 1963. Elected Vice President of the House of Deputies in 1950 and in 1953. Elected President of the House of Deputies in 1955, 1958, 1963. Served as President of the Council of Ministers from 21 June to 3 December 1963 and from 24 June to 11 December 1968.Was appointed Senator, for a lifetime, on Aug.27 1967 "for his relevant merits in the scientific ands social fields which distinguished his Homeland". Elected President of the Republic on 24 December 1971 (in the 23d cast with 518 votes in 1.008). He was sworn in on 29 December. He resigned on 15 June 1978, sending a mesage to the Italian People .he died on 9 November 2001.

10

Australia

General election. Results :

Australia's conservative Prime Minister John Howard won a thumping victory in general election but now has to live up to his boast of being the right man to lead the nation through tough economic and security times. Counting was still continuing, but Howard's five-year-old Liberal/National coalition was projected to win 80 seats in the new 150-seat lower house of parliament after a swing of over two percent. Rival Labor took 67 seats and independents three.

Profile : Mr Howard was born in Sydney on 26 July 1939. He was involved in student politics at the University of Sydney and joined the Young Liberal Movement at the age of 18. But he initially shunned politics as a career and become a solicitor. In 1962 he was admitted to the New South Wales Supreme Court, and then went on to become a partner in a Sydney firm. He entered politics in 1974 when he ran for the federal seat of Bennelong, a Sydney suburb. He has held the seat ever since. He was Liberal leader from 1985-89, and was returned to the leadership in 1995. Mr Howard is married to a teacher, Janette, and they have three children.

10

Northern Ireland

SDLP Party:Internal leadership election. Results :

Mark Durkan the leader elect acknowledges challenge ahead.

Profile : Born in Derry, 26 June 1960. Education : St Patrick's Primary School Pennyburn, Derry. St Columb's College, Derry. Queens University Belfast. Magee College, Derry. Occupation and brief outline of career : Deputy President Union of Students in Ireland U.S.I 1982-84. Assistant to John Hume M.P 1984-98. Brief outline of public/political career : Chairperson SDLP 1990-95. Elected to Derry City Council 1993. Member, Forum for Peace and Reconciliation (Dublin) 1994-96. Elected to the Northern Ireland Forum for Political Dialogue 1996. SDLP Negotiator at Castle Buildings talks 1996-98. Member of the Northern Ireland Assembly 1998.

10

United Kingdom

Tony Blair has appointed Baroness Morgan as the new director of political and government relations in Downing Street.

Profile : A former secondary school teacher, educated at Durham University and the University of London, Sally Morgan is married with two children. Sally Morgan was Political Secretary to the Prime Minister from 1997 to 2001. After she was made a Cabinet Office minister with responsibility for women's issues. From 1995 to 1997 she was Head of Party Liaison for Leader of the Opposition and from 1993 to 1995 was Director of Elections and Campaign for the Labour Party.

10

United Kingdom

Barbara Roche take ministerial responsibilities and the women's unit.

Profile : Mrs Roche was born in 1954 and educated at the Jewish Free School Comprehensive, Camden, and Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford. She was called to the Bar in 1977. Mrs Roche was elected MP for Hornsey and Wood Green in 1992. Promoted to the Whips Office in 1994, she became shadow Minister for Small Business in 1995. Mrs Roche's previous Ministerial posts were as Minister of State at the Home Office (with responsibilities for immigration and Asylum, nationality, the UK Passport Agency and European matters), Financial Secretary to the Treasury, to which she was appointed on 4 January 1999, and as Parliamentary Under Secretary of State at the Department of Trade and Industry. Mrs Roche is married with one daughter.

10-16

U. N.

Assemblée générale de l'ONU à New York.

Security and terrorism are the themes of the moment -- at the United Nations and everywhere else. The question is how many world leaders will attend while anthrax is known to be in the vicinity and when the continuing United states bombing of Afghanistan is increasing the odds of new terrorist attacks. If the Assembly goes ahead there is likely to be an appeal for financial assistance for the Afghans who have fled the bombing into neighboring countries, and calls for those countries to keep their borders open.

THIS WEEK'S STORY

November 10, 1775

Birth of the Marines Corps

During the American Revolution, the Continental Congress passes a resolution stating that "two Battalions of Marines be raised" for service as landing forces for the recently formed Continental Navy. The resolution, drafted by future U.S. president John Adams and adopted in Philadelphia, created the Continental Marines and is now observed as the birth date of the United States Marine Corps. Serving on land and at sea, the original U.S. Marines distinguished themselves in a number of important operations during the Revolutionary War. The first Marine landing on a hostile shore occurred when a force of Marines under Captain Samuel Nicholas captured New Province Island in the Bahamas from the British in March 1776. Nicholas was the first commissioned officer in the Continental Marines and is celebrated as the first Marine commandant. After American independence was achieved in 1783, the Continental Navy was demobilized and its Marines disbanded. In the next decade, however, increasing conflict at sea with Revolutionary France led the U.S. Congress to establish formally the U.S. Navy in May 1798. Two months later, on July 11, President John Adams signed the bill establishing the U.S. Marine Corps as a permanent military force under the jurisdiction of the Department of Navy. U.S. Marines saw action in the so-called Quasi-War with France and then fought against the Barbary pirates of North Africa during the first years of the 19th century. Since then, Marines have participated in all the wars of the United States and in most cases were the first soldiers to fight. In all, Marines have executed more than 300 landings on foreign shores. Today, there are more than 200,000 active-duty and reserve Marines, divided into three divisions stationed at Camp Lejeune, North Carolina; Camp Pendleton, California; and Okinawa, Japan. Each division has one or more expeditionary units, ready to launch major operations anywhere in the world on two weeks' notice. Marines expeditionary units are self-sufficient, with their own tanks, artillery, and air forces. The motto of the service is Semper Fidelis, meaning "Always Faithful" in Latin.

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